INTRODUCTION:

Research Perspective is a content piece that drives interest and consideration about a topic using research and insights drawn from the benchmark research.

Global Status of Research Perspectives:

A. In 1859, Nightingale used the battlefield hospitals of the Crimean war as her research laboratory, using an epidemiological process to describe the morbidity and mortality of sick and injured soldiers. Her pioneering epidemiological research and statistical methodology (documenting the relationship between the environment and health status of soldiers) was the hallmark of scientific investigation in nursing.

B. Although research was conducted with respect to nursing education and administration in the first half of the 20th century, it was not until the 1950s that nursing research began the advancement that has been seen in the past three decades. This is due to many factors: an increase in the number of nurses with advanced academic preparation, The establishment of vehicles for dissemination of nursing research, federal funding and support for nursing research, and the upgrading of research skills in faculty and students.

C. Currently Nurses are increasingly using holistic combination of quantitative and qualitative method of research to answer the question rather using phenomenology and Ethnography.

D. Over the past 2 decades many nurses have pursued further education, consultation or research to enhance their ability to respond constructively to patent behaviour.

E. Now nurse Researcher are going beyond “what is” and “how” question and are addressing more explanatory and predictive – level questions using methodological rigorous experimental and quasi experimental design to cover the gap between theory and practice.

F. Evidenced based Practice is also one the important research perspectives in Nursing which increasingly used by nurses in developed country more as compare to developing and under developing country to provide quality patient care.

G. Not with standing years of investment in research in LMICs, slow progress is visible when studying the status of research around the world. Furthermore, of concern is the absence of up to date information when comparing the developed world with the developing world in terms of knowledge production. World mapper (www.worldmapper.org) is an interesting internet application that shifts the images of the world based on the data available per continent and region.

H. When scientific research output in the form of scientific papers is examined, researchers in the United States published three times more scientific papers than Japan, which has the second highest publication population.

I. More scientific research and publication of results came from developed countries that have richer territories. Scientific papers covered physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering, technology, and earth and space sciences. The concern in terms of research development in LMICs remains valid, especially in Africa. In order to increase research output, investments are needed. Globally between 0% and 4% of the GDP of countries’ expenditure is allocated to research (World Bank, 2015). The countries investing the most are Sweden (2012 at 3.41%), Japan (2012 at 3.39%) and Finland (2015 at 3.55%) down from 3.90% in 2010. Interesting to note is that not all high-income countries continuously increase their investment, for example Canada has cut investment from 1.86% in 2010 to 1.73%. However no clear trend is observable among the LMICs and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) – some countries are increasing the investment (e.g. Argentina, China, India, Botswana) and others are decreasing (e.g. Burundi, Mexico, Colombia).

J. Rwanda’s investment in education and research is mainly to obtain graduate degrees. Hence, investment towards research capacity building is urgently needed in Rwanda.

K. Many countries around the world are trying to understand how investments in research can advance health systems to improve health outcomes and address health inequities. A critical component of health research is nursing research, and internationally there is an increased focus on evidence to demonstrate that the expenditure on research is making a difference.

L. However, in observing the status of nursing research globally, it seems that building nursing research capacity in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains a challenge.

· Inter professional or interdisciplinary work is growing in importance.

· In the US interdisciplinary research teams are valued and even required to obtain certain federal funds.

· Global research is encouraged especially to address the SDGs and workforce issues.

M. Research universities are most successful in regions with little or no competition from non-university research institutes or with strong ties between the universities and such institutes. The ‘academy of science’ system in countries such as Russia and China, and some models of research institutes elsewhere, lack connections to universities. Some countries are trying to better integrate research institutes and top universities, in some cases merging them – this would undoubtedly strengthen the universities.

Perspective of Nursing Research in Developed Countries:

If we see the current perspectives of Nursing Research in developed countries it is in much progress as compare to developing and under developed country.

Nursing Research in US:

· Inter professional or interdisciplinary work is growing in importance.

· In the US interdisciplinary research teams are valued and even required to obtain certain federal funds.

· Global research is encouraged especially to address the SDGs and workforce issues.

· Partnerships between academic and healthcare institutes is encouraged in the US and abroad as many more academics conduct research and have the training needed to develop and implement studies while the practice partners provide the clinical questions and patient populations. Global teams can now easily work through electronic means and multisite studies no longer refer to different institutions in one country but rather to institutions in many countries.

Nursing Research in Australia, Since 1992 nursing faculty members have worked actively to develop a research infrastructure, a research culture, research skills and research productivity.

· Here clinical Academic nursing units have been set up to facilitate research collaboration between faculty and clinical units, while research centres involve collaboration between the healthcare sector and faculty.

· The faculty are actively involved in the development and evaluation of research performance indicators. There has been notable achievements: a high enrolment of research students, a fourfold increase in the annual receipt of research funds and the staging of major national and international research conference.

In Japan:

· Higher numbers of university nurse faculty members are increasing and these there is increase in number of nursing research projects.

· The many national and International research conferences held annually throughout Japan has stimulated nurses to conduct and present nursing Research. Among 562 Japanese journals there are about 60 solely devoted to nursing.

· Nursing Research, publication and even conferences have been well funded by the government, nurses associations, local Institutes, foundations and even publishing companies.

In China:

1,000 nurses are trained annually in nursing research by a Nursing Research committee at the National Nursing centres. Here some research projects on policymaking, administration, education and services have been conducted by the division nursing at the Ministry of Health, but activities are still very new and limited.

China was developing around 100 research universities – out of more than 3,000 institutions countrywide – as part of its efforts to build world-class institutions.

The major problem is the lack of qualified personnel and Resources.

In Korea:

As in many countries, most nursing research is conducted by nurse educators, many enrolled in doctorate programmes. The frequently researched topics in 1960s were nursing education, T.B., maternal and child health and growth and development, while since the 1980s anxiety, knowledge/attitude, stress, job satisfaction, mental health and elderly have been the key concepts.

Among the 673 papers published in nursing journals, 115 were health service research, focusing especially on health outcomes and human resources.

Funds available for nursing research come from the government, private foundations and institutions where the research has been employed. As government research funds are managed by the Ministry of Education, they are distributed through universities and made available to nurse Educator.

Nursing Research in Chile

Though Chile is a developed country but the development of nursing Research in Chile has been quite slow. Here nurses desiring to undertake research are faced with following barriers.

· Lack of Institutional support

· Limited Research experience and methodology

· Limited access to nursing Literature

· Few national nursing journals to publish

· Lack of Financial support

· Lack of graduate nursing programmes

· Low number of nurses with master and doctoral degrees

· Few nursing Research positions in the schools of nursing and in health institutions.

Perspective of Nursing Research in developing Countries:

As compare to developed country developing and under developed country have less support for nursing research.

In India:

where there are twice as many doctors as there are nurses- nursing research has been conducted mostly by faculty members at universities. Funding for nursing Research has come from international funding agencies such as WHO, UNICEF, the government, nurses associations and the Nursing Research Society of India.

In Mongolia:

There are 8,000 nurses in Mongolia or 34.6 nurses per 10,000 people. The ratio of nurses to physician is 2.5:1.

Currently nurses are trained under a two year diploma and therefore there is a great need for post graduate training programmes to nurses to upgrade professional skills.

In Philippines:

Most nursing research has been carried out in universities by faculty and students. The majority of studies have dealt with nursing practice, some on policy issues and health services. No research has been done in nursing administration. Here most studies have been financed by the researchers themselves, while some have been financed by professional chair funds and university/college funds but the little funding from the government and international funds.

In Thailand:

Initially most of the studies are carried out by university faculty and students in master and doctoral programme. Studies areas mainly involved 70% on clinical nursing, 22% on nursing education and 9% on nursing administration mainly in 1986.

Perspective of Nursing Research in under developed countries:

In lower and Middle-income countries require innovative solutions to advance health care.

· Research evidence shows that the use of technology, interpersonal collaboration, mutual relationships among countries, as well as increased investment in research does build a stronger infrastructure and increased investment in research does build a stronger.

· Rwanda’s investment in education and research is mainly to obtain graduate degrees. Hence, investment towards research capacity building is urgently needed in Rwanda.

· Many countries around the world are trying to understand how investments in research can advance health systems to improve health outcomes and address health inequities. A critical component of health research is nursing research, and internationally there is an increased focus on evidence to demonstrate that the expenditure on research is making a difference.

· However, in observing the status of nursing research globally, it seems that building nursing research capacity in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains a challenge.

In Nigeria:

Most nurses are not academically equipped with research skills in Nigeria due to minimal educational qualifications not sufficient for conducting nursing research. Also nurses involvement and utilization of research is limited and poor even though nursing research was perceived as very important in nursing practice by majority of the nurses.

Related Research Areas:

In Africa the recommended nursing research priorities are falls under two main categories:

Nursing Practice/Clinical:

· As now a days concept of Evidence based Practice is increasing so furthermore studies can be done to improve nursing practice

· Research in developed countries advancing more as compare to developing and developed one so furthermore studies can be done in developing and underdeveloped countries.

Nursing Education

· Survey study can be conducted to assess the no. of doctorate nurses in developing and developed nation, so that we can increase more research minded nurses.

Nursing Administration

· Models for nursing Administration; working conditions

· Role and functioning of nursing personnel

Critical Evaluation of Research Perspectives of Nursing

A critical component of health research is nursing research, and internationally there is an increased focus on evidence to demonstrate that the expenditure on research is making a difference. However, in observing the status of nursing research globally, it seems that building nursing research capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains a challenge.

In many countries, the main challenges relate to ethical and regulatory issues regarding the use of humans as experimental subjects. “Culture and language barriers are not a main concern if experiments are conducted without consent or with fake consent.” In most developing countries, a lack of resources and expertise results in weak regulatory frameworks and an increasing reliance on private sector support that does not necessarily follow the same academic framework that most researchers from the developed world are accustomed to following.

Current Issues Related to Research Perspectives:

1. Question of Research Incentives: Many research would agree that research incentives should not unduly induce potential research participants into accepting to participate in a study. The intent is that research participants should be free- willing to participate in a study and not to be attracted by the reward or compensation.

2. Issue of Benefit Sharing: We should strive to ensure that benefits arising from research on a population find their way back to population.

3. Research Capacity Building:

Capacity to conduct research in developing nation is limited. Some developing nations are more constrained than others, in part due to the human resources migration (brain drain) being experienced.

4. Research for its own sake

Researchers are often reminded not to conduct research whose results are not likely to be of use to the studied population. In international research, just as in any other research, researchers are therefore expected to justify why they plan to conduct research in the countries and among the populations that they have suggested. If institutional review boards or funding agencies perceive that there are limited gains to be obtained, research grants protocols may not be funded.

While the requirement to demonstrate possible utility of the results is worth considering, there were many situations where the research may be perceived as being exploitative.

5. Status of Women and Clash of Cultures:

It is well recognized that the status of women globally is worse than men. Women are easily accessible in studies with households as sampling units. Results from several demographic and health surveys have clearly showed this (Whereas women can be recruited from family planning clinics and maternity clinics, men are hard to enroll in studies.

Dissemination of Research Results:

Results of research can be categorized as those of direct benefit and those of indirect benefit to the populations from which data were collected. A developed nation researcher who collaborates with developing nation researchers has in many cases obvious difficulties if they have to consider publishing in a small journal from the developing nation. Often, however, there is no consideration for the small journal.

Some Common Challenges:

· Inadequate number of research minded nurses

· Inadequate skills, material resource to support operational research activities.

· Most nurses do not have a reading culture.

· Inadequate facilities for implementations.

· Administration not allowing implementations.

· Statistical analysis are not understandable.

· Nurses tend to feel that they are ‘’too busy to care for patients’’.

· Unless the nurse has had academic training in theoretical conceptualization research may not seen important and nurses feel that research is not suitable for us, not confident.

· Lack of Motivation.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

Research from developing nations is under- represented globally. Major journals reject manuscripts with authors from developing nations while journals from developing nations may suffer from a circle of inadequacy. The number of publications should be increased globally not only in developed nations but also in developing and under developing nations. Many countries around the world are trying to understand how investments in research can advance health systems to improve health outcomes and address health inequities.

REFERENCES:

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Received on 15.05.2026 Revised on 17.06.2026

Accepted on 13.07.2026 Published on 05.08.2026

Available online from August 10, 2026

A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Med. Res. 2026; 5(3):108-112.

DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2026.23

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